Firstly, plant cells all have chloroplasts. These are special factories which convert sunlight (and CO2, and H2O) into sugar for the plants. It's the biological equivalent of installing solar panel on your electric car: It means that the object no longer has to derive all its energy by seeking out 'recharging stations' (i.e., consuming other organisms), but can get energy directly from the sun. Chloroplasts use chlorophyll (a pigment) to do this, and turn the cells green because of this. Interesting fact; chloroplasts (and hence, plant cells) are green because they REFLECT green light. In other words, all of the energy from green light is basically prevented from 'helping' the plant, as it's reflected before it can be 'used' for energy. As such, the WORST color light to grow your plants under is actually... green light. The best light is a mix of red and blue light.

The next major difference is that MOST plant cells do not have structures called centrioles. These are used as 'anchoring points' during cell division. However, this is not what we scientists would call a "synapomorphic" trait for ALL plants. In other words, the absence of a centriole is not common to EVERY plant (cycads, ginkos, algae, and mosses often have centrioles).

Finally, and perhaps most importantly, plants cells have an extra layer of 'protection' around them in the form of the cell wall. While both plant cells and animal cells have cell MEMBRANES, plant cells' additional cell wall adds another layer of protection. While the cell membrane is made of fatty "phospholipids", the cell wall is made of a type of structural sugar known as 'cellulose'. Interestingly, most animals cannot digest cellulose, so we require special gut bacteria to do that for us.

Animal cells are round and plant cells are square

1)Plant cells have cell walls, which animal cells don't have.

2)Animal cells have centrioles, which are absent in plant cells.

3)Plant cells have special plastids called chloroplasts, which contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis. These are absent in animal cells.

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